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<P align=3Dcenter><STRONG></STRONG><FONT size=3D+4></FONT><FONT =
size=3D+3>Behold My=20
Hands: Evidence for</FONT></P>
<P align=3Dcenter><FONT size=3D+3>Christ's Visit in Ancient =
America</FONT><FONT=20
size=3D+4></FONT></P><!--mstheme--></FONT>
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    <TD width=3D"33%"><!--mstheme--><FONT=20
      face=3D"Berlin Sans FB =
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      <P align=3Dcenter>Jade Plaque. Altun Ha Belize. Circa 600 =
A.D.<BR>(Note the=20
      right hand) </P>
      <P>&nbsp;<!--mstheme--></FONT></P></TD>
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    <TD width=3D"34%"><!--mstheme--><FONT face=3D"Berlin Sans FB Demi">
      <P align=3Dcenter>The Mayan Deity Itzamna<BR>(Notice the =
hands)</P>
      =
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<P align=3Dcenter><BR WP=3D"BR1"><BR WP=3D"BR2"><BR WP=3D"BR1"><BR =
WP=3D"BR2"><BR=20
WP=3D"BR1">&nbsp;<FONT size=3D+2><STRONG>Behold My Hands: Evidence=20
for</STRONG></FONT>=20
<P align=3Dcenter><FONT size=3D+2><STRONG>Christ's Visit in Ancient=20
America</STRONG></FONT></P>
<P align=3Dcenter><BR WP=3D"BR1"><BR WP=3D"BR2"><FONT size=3D+1>By =
Steven E.=20
Jones</FONT>=20
<P><BR WP=3D"BR1">The Book of Mormon makes the bold statement that Jesus =
Christ,=20
shortly following His resurrection, visited people in the New World and =
invited=20
them to "feel the prints of the nails in my hands and in my feet, that =
ye may=20
know that I am...the God of the whole earth, and have been slain for the =
sins of=20
the world. ... Ye are they of whom I said: Other sheep I have which are =
not of=20
this fold; them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice..." (3 =
Nephi=20
11:14, 15:21). The Bible states that Jesus "showed himself alive after =
his=20
passion by many infallible proofs, being seen of them forty days" and =
that this=20
witness of Christ would be "unto the uttermost part of the earth." (Acts =
1:3-8)=20
and that Jesus would indeed visit "other sheep" (John 10:16).=20
<P>Several years ago, an idea popped into my head: Would people in the =
New World=20
who also saw Jesus Christ leave memorials of this supernal experience by =
showing=20
<EM>marked hands of Deity</EM> in their artwork? So I began a search =
with the=20
following hypothesis-to be tested: Ancient artwork portraying a deity =
with=20
deliberate markings on his hands will be found somewhere in the =
Americas. A=20
crazy idea, maybe - but wait till you see the artwork of the ancient =
Maya!=20
<P><BR WP=3D"BR1"><BR WP=3D"BR2">
<P><STRONG>Death of Itzamna</STRONG></P>
<P>
<CENTER><IMG src=3D"" width=3D461 height=3D211></CENTER>
<P></P>
<P align=3Dcenter><FONT size=3D-1>Figure 1. Classic Mayan vase painting: =
Death of=20
Itzamna. (Marvin<BR>Cohodas. <EM>Word and Image in Mayan Culture</EM>.=20
220)</FONT> <FONT size=3D-1>=A9 Justin Kerr</FONT>=20
<P>Figure 1 portrays the death of the great Mayan Deity known as =
Itzamna, as=20
found in a painting from a classic Mayan vase. (Marvin Cohodas,=20
"Transformations: Relationships Between Image and Text" in <EM>Word and =
Image in=20
Maya Culture</EM>, 220). Notice that <EM>both</EM> hands of this dying =
Deity=20
show definite round <EM>spots</EM>. The artist evidently took some pains =
to=20
bring the right arm over the head, and the spot on this hand can be seen =
as well=20
as the marking on the left hand. Only one foot is visible, and it again =
displays=20
a round marking! The very notion that the great and kindly Itzamna would =
die is=20
suggestive; we soon learn that this Deity will later be resurrected!=20
<P>In describing the scene, Marvin Cohodas explains that this is related =
to the=20
beautiful legend of Hunab Pu "who dies and travels to the underworld =
later to be=20
reborn [or resurrected]" (Ibid, 229-230). While much could be said about =
this=20
legend [see Jones 1999], I would just comment briefly on the death and=20
resurrection of Hunab Pu/Itzamna and the symbolic connection to the =
planet=20
Venus. Although lacking telescopes, the Maya achieved an impressive =
breadth of=20
knowledge about the stars and planets. In particular, they studied and =
recorded=20
data on the planet Venus because it represented to them a Deity. Closer =
to the=20
sun than earth, Venus appears in the sky as "the evening star" just =
after=20
sunset, or as "the morning star" just before sunrise. When the travel of =
Venus=20
takes it in front of or behind the sun, it cannot be seen for a few =
days. Thus,=20
Venus appears as the "evening star" then disappears for several days =
after which=20
it re-appears as the "morning star."=20
<P>A non-LDS scholar explains the Mayan legend:<BR>"According to =
tradition,=20
[Hunab Pu] appeared as morning star after being dead for [several] days, =
the=20
period between disappearance of Venus as evening star and the planet's=20
reappearance as morning star. As Venus as morning star is frequently =
depicted=20
with death symbols, one may assume that he obtained these in his journey =
through=20
the underworld during the [few] days between his disappearance in the =
west as=20
evening star and reappearance as morning star in the east." MHW 172=20
<P>Thus, in the Mayan view, the Deity Hunab Pu/Itzamna is associated =
with Venus=20
and the "morning star" with his resurrection. The Maya followed the =
death of the=20
evening star and its transit through the world of spirits. Men would =
follow this=20
path also. Venus as Morning Star thus signifies the Deity following his=20
resurrection.<FONT size=3D-1> </FONT>The notion that Christ, the Morning =
Star of=20
the New Testament (Rev. 22:16), descended into the underworld prior to =
His=20
resurrection is found in the Bible:=20
<P>"Now that he [Christ] ascended, what is it but that he also descended =
first=20
into the lower parts of the earth?" Ephesians 4:9 (See also I Peter=20
3:18-19.)</P>
<P>The notion of a Deity who dies then is resurrected is remarkable =
among the=20
Maya and reminiscent of the Christian belief. Striking indeed is the =
fact that=20
the visible foot and both hands of this Deity as he died are each marked =
by a=20
round spot [Figure 1].</P>
<P><FONT size=3D-1></FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=3D-1><STRONG>Mayan Deity=20
Itzamna</STRONG></FONT></P><!--mstheme--></FONT>
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<P>Look at the sculpture in Figure 2 - notice anything peculiar about =
the hands?=20
George E. Stuart and Gene S. Stuart describe the sculpture as "...the =
exalted=20
Itzamna, lord of sky and earth" (<EM>The Mysterious Maya</EM>, 97). And =
Robert=20
Elliot Smith describes the line drawing of a similar sculpture [shown in =
Figure=20
3] as "Itzamna, the old god...[with] prominent cheekbones, markedly =
Hebraic=20
nose..." (Robert Eliot Smith, <U>The Pottery of Mayapan</U>, Peabody =
Museum of=20
Archaeology and ethnology, Harvard University, 1971<EM>, </EM>pp<EM>.=20
</EM>50-52). Yes, the nose does look "Hebraic" as he says, not like the =
typical=20
Mayan nose. Interesting. [I quote only non-LDS sources in this paper, by =
the=20
way. And all of the artwork pre-dates Columbus by many years.] According =
to=20
Michael Coe, Itzamna can be traced to the hieroglyphic record to "the =
mid-second=20
century after Christ" (<EM>Early Steps</EM>, 117). Would you agree that =
the=20
holes in the hands or wrists of this Deity are clearly portrayed?</P>
<P><STRONG>Who is Itzamna?</STRONG></P>
<P>Before going on to more ancient Mayan artwork, let's see what the =
non-LDS=20
scholars say about this Deity Itzamna:</P>"Chief of the beneficent gods =
was=20
Itzamna. He was the personification of the east, the rising sun with all =
of its=20
manifold mythical associations....He was said to have come across the =
eastern=20
waters. One of his titles was Lakin-Chan, the serpent of the East...As =
light is=20
synonymous with life and knowledge, he was said to have been the founder =
of the=20
culture of the Itzas and the Mayas. He was the first priest of their =
religion;=20
invented writing and books...As a physician he was famous, not only =
knowing the=20
magic herbs but possessed of the power of healing by the laying on of=20
hands...For his wisdom he was spoken of as the royal or noble master of=20
knowledge" (Daniel Brinton, <EM>American Hero-Myths</EM>).=20
<P>"Itzamna was also...able to cure the sick and even bring the dead to =
life.=20
People came from all over the land to his shrine, and for that reason he =
was=20
known as Kabul, 'Maker with his hands'...it seems to be the equivalent =
of Bitol,=20
'Maker,' title of the Quiche creator" (J. Eric S. Thompson, <EM>The Rise =
and=20
Fall of Maya Civilization</EM>, 229).=20
<P>"Itzamna was the high god of the Maya. Fitting his role as paramount =
king, he=20
often bears the title of ahaulil, or "lord," in the Postclassic Yucatec=20
codices....he was considered as the first priest and the inventor of=20
writing....Itzamna was identified with the powers of curing" (Mary =
Miller and=20
Karl Taube, <EM>The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya,=20
</EM>99-100).=20
<P>"The greatest god of the Yucatec Maya, but in some respects the most=20
puzzling, is Itzam Na. As we shall see, he came near to incorporating =
most of=20
the other major gods in his person...the Indians of [Yucatan], before =
the=20
introduction of idolatry, worshiped a single god named Hunab Itzamna =
(Itzam Na).=20
Hunab, "Unique," was a name applied to the creator....we deduce that in =
one of=20
his aspects Itzam Na was the creator" (J. Eric S. Thompson, <EM>Maya =
History and=20
Religion</EM>, 209-210).=20
<P>These descriptions of Itzamna compare favorably with those given of =
the=20
resurrected Lord in Third Nephi in the Book of Mormon, in which the =
people come=20
to the temple at Bountiful in the New World to hear Jesus Christ, to =
touch his=20
wounded hands, and to be healed. Now back to the artwork of the ancient =
Maya as=20
it whispers to us from the dust.</P>
<DIV align=3Dright><!--mstheme--></FONT>
<TABLE border=3D0 width=3D"43%" align=3Dleft>
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    <TD width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><FONT face=3D"Berlin Sans FB =
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height=3D274><!--mstheme--></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--mstheme--=
><FONT=20
face=3D"Berlin Sans FB Demi"></DIV>
<P><STRONG>Marks on Hands of God K</STRONG></P>
<P>Figures 4a and 4b show photographs of ancient painted capstones from =
a Mayan=20
temple in the Yucatan peninsula, from a ruin known today as Dzibilnocac. =
Eric=20
Thompson suggests that the paintings depict God K of the Maya (F. =
Nelson,=20
personal communication), who is sometimes identified with Itzamna =
(Nicholas P.=20
Dunning, <EM>Lords of the Hills: Ancient Maya Settlement in the Puuc =
Region,=20
</EM>Yucatan, Mexico, 142).The original painting on the upper right (4b) =
is=20
badly faded, but if you search near the center of the painting you will =
see a=20
clear black spot on the palm of this deity's hand. In fact, the spot on =
the hand=20
is among the clearest surviving features on this painting. The line =
drawing=20
(Figure 4d) retains this circle on the back of the hand, but shows only =
an open=20
circle whereas the Mayan artist clearly filled in the spot on the hand. =
The=20
other capstone (Figures 4a and 4c) also shows the deity with a circular =
marking=20
on the palm of the hand. (The fingers are not detailed in this =
case.)Figure 5 is=20
another depiction of Itzamna. Although perhaps not as striking as other=20
paintings, we see markings on the left hand and on the wrist as well. =
The right=20
hand shows a clear mark on the palm. The examples in Figure 6 portray=20
circle-motif markings on both hands and wrists. These three were painted =
on=20
ancient Mayan vases, and do not necessarily represent Deity as the =
previous=20
paintings and sculptures do. Figure 7 shows a stone carving at =
Yaxchilan,=20
Mexico, also displaying marks in both the hand and wrist. (Photograph by =
my son=20
David E. Jones, with line drawing by artist Clifford Dunston.) =
Latter-day Saints=20
generally believe that nails were driven through both the hands and =
wrists of=20
Jesus (Bruce R. McConkie, <U>A New Witness for the Articles of =
Faith</U>, p.=20
14.)</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<DIV align=3Dcenter>
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    <TD width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><FONT face=3D"Berlin Sans FB =
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face=3D"Berlin Sans FB Demi"></CENTER></DIV>
<P><STRONG>Hands in Mayan Hieroglyphs</STRONG></P>
<P>Do marked hands appear in Mayan hieroglyphic writing? Yes they do, =
numbering=20
in the thousands of marked hands! Figure 8 is taken from Piedras Negras, =

Guatemala, and provides typical examples of marked hand symbolism in =
Mayan=20
hieroglyphic writing. I should mention that a Mayan stone carving may =
show an=20
actual hole or cavity in the hand, while the modern line-drawing of the =
carved=20
glyph often simply uses a circle. Usually the wrist is not shown in =
these=20
carvings. Figure 9 displays Maya glyphs representing "the god of the =
seventh=20
day." (E. Thompson, <EM>Maya Hieroglyphic Writing</EM>, pl 76.)</P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><!--mstheme--></FONT>
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    <TD width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><FONT face=3D"Berlin Sans FB =
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height=3D442><!--mstheme--></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--mstheme--=
><FONT=20
face=3D"Berlin Sans FB Demi"></DIV>As I have asked non-LDS =
archaeologists about=20
the hand-markings, they have generally replied that either they don't =
know, or=20
perhaps this is a protruding wrist bone as the hand is severed from the =
body. I=20
don't know who initiated this idea, for I have not seen anyone write it =
down in=20
published material. Further thought would suggest that the wrist has two =
bones=20
not just one, and that many of the hieroglyphics show the single mark =
near the=20
middle of the back of the hand or the palm. Several cases have been =
brought=20
forth which show marks in both wrist and hand. Finally, the spot is seen =
on=20
hands of Itzamna while connected to the rest of his body, both as he =
dies and=20
evidently following his resurrection.=20
<P><FONT size=3D-1>
<CENTER><IMG src=3D"" width=3D239 height=3D345></CENTER></FONT>
<P></P><BR WP=3D"BR1">Serious non-LDS commentary continues: "[Note] the =
close=20
relationship between Maya hieroglyphic writing and religion, for there =
is no=20
doubt that many forms and perhaps the names of hieroglyphs have =
religious=20
connotations" (Thompson, <EM>Mayan Hieroglyphic Writing</EM>, 9).=20
<P>"As in the case of several of the day signs already examined, the =
design has=20
been shown to reproduce a characteristic attribute of the deity to whom =
the day=20
was dedicated; it is virtually certain that <STRONG>the hand is the =
symbol of=20
the god of the seventh day....The hand is also associated with=20
Itzamna</STRONG>...." (Thompson, <EM>Mayan Hieroglyphic Writing</EM>, =
76).</P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><!--mstheme--></FONT>
<TABLE border=3D0 width=3D"39%" align=3Dright>
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    <TD width=3D"100%"><!--mstheme--><FONT face=3D"Berlin Sans FB =
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height=3D121><!--mstheme--></FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--mstheme--=
><FONT=20
face=3D"Berlin Sans FB Demi"></DIV>Thus, the marked hand symbol is =
connected to=20
Deity-in particular with Itzamna, who died, went to the world of spirits =
and=20
then was resurrected. All of this is reminiscent of Jesus Christ, =
supporting the=20
claim of the Book of Mormon that New World inhabitants knew of Jesus =
long before=20
Columbus arrived. There is much additional evidence, and the interested =
reader=20
is pointed to reference [Jones 1999].=20
<P>The hypothesis that started my search, that Christ's "other sheep" =
would have=20
artwork depicting deliberately marked hands, has led to a remarkable =
conclusion:=20
Hands (and wrists) with clear holes or marks are depicted in the art as =
well as=20
the hieroglyphic writings of the Maya of Middle America, dating from =
within=20
about 200 years of the time of Christ. These hands are associated with =
Itzamna,=20
a kindly Deity associated with healing and teaching the people. He is =
shown=20
dying in Mayan art, later to be resurrected. Finally, the Maya await the =
return=20
of this great resurrected Deity in the not-distant future. [See Jones, =
99]=20
<P>These discoveries have provided me a deeper appreciation for the =
reality of=20
the resurrection of Jesus and of His visit to "other sheep" who heard =
His voice=20
and saw His wounded hands as did Thomas. My hope is that these new =
insights will=20
encourage you to seriously consider the Book of Mormon, Another =
Testament of=20
Christ. Why don't you start reading right away? The Apostle Paul said: =
"Prove=20
all things. Hold fast that which is good." (I Thessalonians 5:21) Why =
not? I've=20
done this and for me, the Book of Mormon is a remarkable new witness for =
Christ,=20
standing as a companion to the Bible.</P>Appendix: Excerpts from a =
beautiful=20
Mesoamerican poem that I believe is relevant, providing further insights =
into=20
the beliefs of the Maya:=20
<P><BR WP=3D"BR1">The kettle drums color of jade resound,<BR>Brilliant =
dew has=20
fallen over the earth.<BR>In the house of yellow feathers<BR>it pours =
down with=20
force.=20
<P>His son has come down, descended there in the springtime.<BR>He is =
the Giver=20
of Life.<BR>His songs make flourish, he adorns himself.=20
<P>O friends, let us rejoice, let us embrace one another.<BR>We walk the =

flowering earth.<BR>Nothing can bring an end here to flowers and =
songs,<BR>they=20
are perpetuated in the house of the Giver of Life.<BR>Friendship is a =
rain of=20
precious flowers.<BR>We are here, we are living here,<BR>but we are only =
beggars=20
O my friends.=20
<P>Where do we go, oh! Where do we go?<BR>Are we dead beyond, or do we =
yet=20
live?<BR>Will there be existence again?<BR>Will the joy of the Giver of =
Life be=20
there again?<BR>Where is the source of light, since that which gives =
life hides=20
itself?=20
<P>Let our hearts not be troubled.<BR>One day we must go, one night we =
will=20
descend into the region of mystery.<BR>We will have gone to His =
house,<BR>but=20
our word shall live here on earth.<BR>Remove trouble from your hears, O =
my=20
friends.<BR>Indeed one must go elsewhere; beyond, happiness exists.=20
<P>O Lord of the close vicinity, it is beyond, with those who dwell in =
Your=20
house,<BR>that I will sing songs to You, in the innermost of =
heaven.<BR>My heart=20
rises; I fix my eyes upon You, next to You, beside You, O Giver of Life! =

<P><BR WP=3D"BR1"><BR WP=3D"BR2">
<P>(Excerpted from <U>Native Mesoamerican Spirituality</U>, edited with =
a=20
foreword, introduction and notes by Miguel Leon-Portilla. Translations =
by Miguel=20
Leon-Protilla, J. O. Arthur Anderson, Charles E. Dibble and Munro S. =
Edmonson.=20
NY: Paulist Press, 1980.</P><!--mstheme--></FONT>
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